What is white nose syndrome?

White nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease that kills hibernating bats by slowly depleting their energy stores. Some bats affected by WNS have fuzzy white fungus growing on their muzzle, wings, and skin–hence the name white nose syndrome.

The cave-dwelling fungus that causes WNS infiltrates the skin of affected bats and interrupts deep sleep essential for surviving winter. Bats affected by WNS have been known to emerge from shelter in freezing temperatures to look for food. The energy spent being active during winter months slowly starves an affected bat to death.

The disease usually kills 70% to 100% of colonies affected by WNS. Some species have been hit especially hard. 

How does WNS spread?

Spores of this fungus can last decades—yes, decades!—and stubbornly cling to clothes, shoes, and equipment. It’s no wonder that the fungus has been documented in almost every state in the country. Cave visitors, park staff, researchers, and unknowing hosts may easily spread the fungus without taking precautions.

Where did WNS come from?

The fungus that causes WNS has been found in the caves of Europe and east Asia, where bats seem to be immune to WNS. It’s commonly accepted that the fungus was transported from Europe and brought to caves by foot traffic. WNS was first documented in New York in 2006, and spread quickly from east coast states to the west and into Canada.

Are bats doomed? 

While it may take many years for hibernating bat populations to recover, there may still be hope for hibernating bat populations. Bats that survive WNS may provide the key to immunity from the disease, and there are signs that some of the earliest hit populations in the eastern United States are starting to recover. Scientists studying WNS may be able to create a vaccine or a treatment plan, as well as promoting other preventative measures to protect future bat colonies.

While scientists may have the ability to help restore bat populations, they won’t be able to do it alone. Public support is important to help provide resources scientists need to achieve their goals.

Can I get white nose syndrome?

No, humans cannot contract white nose syndrome. The spread of WNS is devastating news for our food systems, which would certainly add pressure to declining food security. Staying out of bat habitats prevents the spread of WNS and ensures bats get the rest they need during hibernation.

Pictured: Researcher holding an affected tricolored bat in a Minnesota cave. Photo courtesy of Christine Salomon.